We usually say that PCB refers to the circuit board without the component of the element. Under normal circumstances, on the insulation material, the conductive graphic shape made of printing lines, printed elements or two combinations is called printed circuit.
The conductive graphics of electrical connections between components are provided on the insulation substrate, which is called the printed line. The finished board of the printed circuit or printing circuit is called a printing circuit board, also known as the printed board or printing circuit board.
1. Introduction to PCB () PCB board is abbreviated. The Chinese name is printed circuit board, also known as print circuit board, printing circuit board. Provider of device electrical connection. Because it is made of electronic printing, it is called a "print" circuit board. The history of PCB The inventor of the printed circuit board was Austrian Paul Esler (). He used a printing circuit board in a radio device in 1936. In 1943, Americans used the technology in a military radio. In 1948, the United States officially recognized this invention for commercial purposes. Since the mid -1950s, the printing circuit version technology has been widely used. Prior to the emergence of the printed circuit board, the interconnection between electronic components rely on the wires to be directly connected. Now, the circuit panel exists only as an effective experimental tool; the printing circuit board has occupied an absolute rule in the electronics industry. PCB design printing circuit board design is based on the circuit principle diagram, realizing the function required by circuit designers. The design of the printing circuit board mainly refers to the design of the layout. It is necessary to consider the layout of the external connection, the optimization layout of internal electronic components, the optimization layout of the metal connection and the pores, the electromagnetic protection, thermal dissipation, and other factors. Excellent layout design can save production costs and achieve good circuit performance and heat dissipation performance. Simple layout design can be implemented by hand. The complex layout design needs to be achieved with the help of computer auxiliary design (CAD). PCB Classification Classified according to the number of circuit layers: divided into single -panel, double panel and multi -layer board. Common multi -layer boards are generally 4 or 6 layers, and complex multi -layer boards can reach more than ten layers. PCB board has the following three main types of division: 1, SINGLE-SIDED BOARDS is on the most basic PCB, parts are concentrated in it, and the wires are concentrated on the other side. Because the wire only appears on one side, this PCB is called Single-Sided. Because there are many strict restrictions on the design lines on the design line (because there is only one side, the path that must not be crossing the wiring between the wiring), only the early circuit uses this type of board. 2, double-size boards have wiring on both sides of the circuit board, but to use the wires on both sides, there must be an appropriate circuit connection on both sides. The "bridge" between this circuit is called a guide hole (VIA). The guide hole is a small hole full or coated with metal on PCB, which can be connected to the wires on both sides. Because the area of the double panel is twice as big as a single -panel, and because the wiring can be intertwined (can be around the other side), it is more suitable for more complicated circuits than single -to -be -panel. 3, Multi-Layer Boards In order to increase the area that can be wiring, multi-layer boards use more or double-sided wiring boards. Use one double -sided as the inner layer, two -sided single -sided as the outer layer or the two -sided double -sided inner layer, two -sided single -sided outer printing line board, alternate the positioning system and insulating bonding material, and the electrical shift graphics The interconnected printing circuit boards are made according to design requirements. The number of layers of the board represents several independent wiring layers. Usually the number of layers is even, and contains the two outermost layers. Most of the motherboards are 4 to 8 layers, but technical theory can achieve nearly 100 layers of PCB boards. Most of the large supercomputers use a considerable multi -layer motherboard, but because these computers can already replace the cluster of many ordinary computers, and the super -layer board has gradually been gradually not used. Because the layers in PCB are closely combined, it is generally not easy to see the actual number, but if you carefully observe the motherboard, you can still see it. The classification according to hard and hard: divided into ordinary circuit boards and flexible circuit boards. PCB raw materials: Copper foil layer pressure plate is a substrate material for making printed circuit boards. It is used to support various components and can achieve electrical connection or electrical insulation between them. PCB is the print circuit board (PCB board). Simply put, it is a thin plate with integrated circuits and other electronic components. This it will appear in almost every electronic device. Inned Time Magazine recently reported that China and India belong to countries with the worst pollution in the world. In order to protect the environment, the Chinese government has strictly formulated and implemented relevant pollution rectification regulations, and spread to the PCB industry. Many towns are no longer allowed to expand and build new PCB plants, such as Shenzhen. Dongguan has specifically designated four towns as the "pollution industry" production base, and it is forbidden to build new factories outside the designated area. If in a certain device, they have electronic parts, they are inlaid on PCB of different sizes. In addition to fixed various small parts, the main function of PCB is to provide the mutual electrical connection of various parts above. As the electronic devices are becoming more and more complicated, there are naturally more and more parts required, and the lines and parts on the PCB are becoming more and more dense. Naked plates (no parts on it) are often called "printing line boards Printed Wiring Board (PWB)". The substrate of the board itself is made of insulation and insulation, and it is not easy to bend the material. The small line materials that can be seen on the surface are copper foil. The original copper foil was covered on the entire board, and part of the part was carved during the manufacturing process. Essence These circuits are called Conctor Pattern or wiring, and are used to provide circuit connections on PCB parts. usually the colors of PCB are green or brown, which is the color of Solder Mask. It is the protective layer of the insulation that can protect the copper line, and it can also prevent parts from being welded to incorrect places. Silk Screen is also printed on the welded layer. Usually, text and symbols are printed on it (mostly white) to indicate the position of each part on the board. In order to fix the parts on the PCB, we welded their pounds directly on the wiring. On the most basic PCB (one -piece), parts are concentrated on one side, and the wires are concentrated on the other. In this way, we need to be holes on the board so that we can pass through the board to the other side, so the pin of the part is welded on the other side. Because of this, the front and back of the PCB are called component side and Solder Side. If there are certain parts on the PCB, you can also remove or install it after the production is completed, then the part is used to use the socket. Because the socket is directly welded on the board, the parts can be disassembled arbitrarily. If the two PCBs are connected to each other, we usually use the edge connector commonly known as "golden finger". The golden fingers contain many exposed copper pads, which are actually part of the PCB wiring. When connecting, we insert one of the golden fingers on one of the PCB into the appropriate slot on the other PCB (generally called the expansion slot slot). In the computer, such as graphics cards, sound cards, or other similar interface cards, are connected to the host board by gold fingers. This circuit board puts the complex circuit copper line between the parts and the parts. After a delicate and neat plan, it etched on a board and provides the main support body of electronic parts when installing and interconnected. It is all electronics. The basic part of the product is indispensable. The flat plates made of non -conductive materials are designed on this tablet with pre -drilling holes to install chips and other electronic components. The holes of the component help allow the metal path printed on the board to connect the metal path on the plate. After passing through the PCB of the electronic component, the electrical metal strip is adhered to the PCB with conductive metal stripes to form a circuit. ME PCB according to its application field can be divided into single -panel, double panel, more than four layers above the four -layer board and soft board. Generally speaking, the more complicated the function of the electronic product, the longer the circuit distance, the more the number of contact feet, and the more the number of layers of PCB required, such as high -level consumer electronics, information and communication products, etc Among the crooked products: such as laptop computers, cameras, car instruments, etc. , PCB industry chain classified by the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, it can be divided into raw materials-copper-covered board-printing circuit board-electronics Product application, its relationship is simply expressed as: Lip fiber cloth: glass fiber cloth is one of the raw materials for copper -covered plates, which is made of glass fiber gauze textile, accounting for about 40%(thick plate) and 25 of the cost of copper -covered plates. %(sheet). The glass fiber yarn was burned into liquid in the kiln and the raw materials such as silicon sand. It was pulled into a very fine glass fiber with a very fine alloy nozzle, and then twisted hundreds of glass fiber into a glass fiber gauze. The construction of the kiln is huge, generally requires hundreds of millions of funds, and once ignition, it must be produced uninterrupted for 24 hours, and the exit cost is huge. The manufacturing of the glass fiber cloth is similar to the weaving enterprise. It can control the production capacity and quality by controlling the speed, and the specifications are relatively single and stable. There have been few changes in specifications since World War II. Unlike CCL, the price of glass fiber cloth is most affected by supply and demand. The price in recent years fluctuates between $ 0.50-1.00/meter. At present, the production capacity of Taiwan and Mainland China accounts for about 70%of the world's. Copper foil: Copper foil is the raw material with the largest proportion of copper -covered plate costs, accounting for about 30%(thick plate) and 50%(thin plate) of the cost of copper -covering. Main driving force. The price of copper foil is closely reflected in the price change of copper, but the bargaining ability is weak. Recently, as the price of copper rises, the situation of copper foil manufacturers is difficult. Many companies have been forced to close or merge. Price rise is still in a general loss of copper foil manufacturers. Due to the emergence of the price gap, another wave of price increases in the first quarter of 2006 may drive CCL prices to rise. The copper -covering plate: Copper -covered plate is a product that combines glass fiber cloth and copper foil with epoxy resin and other fusion agents. It is a direct raw material for PCB. Made into a printing circuit board. The amount of funds in the copper-covered board industry is not high, about 30-40 million yuan, and can be discontinued or transferred at any time. In the structure of the upstream and downstream industrial chain, CCL has the strongest bargaining ability. Not only can it have a strong right to speak in the procurement of glass fiber cloth, copper foil and other raw materials, but as long as the downstream demand is acceptable, it can pass the pressure of rising costs. Downstream PCB manufacturers. In the third quarter of this year, the copper-covered plate began to raise prices, and the price increase was about 5-8%. The main driving force was to reflect the increase in copper foil prices, and the strong downstream demand could digest the price increase of the price increase of CCL manufacturers. South Asia, the world's second largest copper -covered board manufacturer, also increased product prices on December 15, showing that the PCB demand in at least the first quarter of 2006 was good. . The development of the international PCB industry At present, the global PCB industry output value accounts for more than a quarter of the total output value of the electronic component industry. $ 40 billion. At the same time, due to its unique position in the electronic basic industry, it has become the most active industry in the contemporary electronic component industry. In 2003 and 2004, the global PCB output value was US $ 34.4 billion and $ 40.1 billion, respectively, with a year -on -year growth rate of 5.27%, respectively And 16.47%. . The development status of the domestic PCB industry This development of PCB in my country began in 1956, 1963-1978, and gradually expanded the formation of the PCB industry. For more than 20 years after the reform and opening up, due to the introduction of advanced foreign technology and equipment, single -panels, double panels and multi -layer boards have developed rapidly, and the domestic PCB industry has developed from small to large. In 2002, China's PCB output value exceeded Taiwan, becoming the third largest PCB output country. In 2003, PCB output values and imports and exports exceeded US $ 6 billion, becoming the world's second largest PCB output country. my country's PCB industry has maintained a high -speed growth of about 20%in recent years, and is expected to surpass Japan around 2010, becoming the country with the largest PCB output value and the most active technology development. In output composition, the main products of the PCB industry in China have shifted from single -toas and double panels to multi -layer boards, and they are increasing from 4 to 6 layers to 6 to 8 layers. With the rapid growth of multi -layer boards, HDI boards, and flexible boards, my country's PCB industry structure is gradually optimizing and improved. , although my country's PCB industry has made great progress, there is still a large gap compared with advanced countries, and there is still much room for improvement and improvement in the future. First of all, my country has entered the PCB industry late, and there is no special PCB R
1. Introduction to PCB () The abbreviation of PCB board. The Chinese name is a printed circuit board, also known as the print circuit board, printing circuit board. Provider of component electrical connection. Because it is made of electronic printing, it is called a "print" circuit board. 's history of PCB The inventor of the printed circuit board is the Austrian Paul Esler (). He used the printing circuit board in a radio device in 1936. In 1943, Americans used the technology in a military radio. In 1948, the United States officially recognized this invention for commercial purposes. Since the mid -1950s, the printing circuit version technology has been widely used. Prior to the emergence of the printed circuit board, the interconnection between electronic components rely on the wires to be directly connected. Now, the circuit panel exists only as an effective experimental tool; the printing circuit board has occupied an absolute rule in the electronics industry. PCB design The design of the printing circuit board is based on the circuit schematic diagram, realizing the functions required by the circuit designer. The design of the printing circuit board mainly refers to the design of the layout. It is necessary to consider the layout of the external connection, the optimization layout of internal electronic components, the optimization layout of the metal connection and the pores, the electromagnetic protection, thermal dissipation, and other factors. Excellent layout design can save production costs and achieve good circuit performance and heat dissipation performance. Simple layout design can be implemented by hand. The complex layout design needs to be achieved with the help of computer auxiliary design (CAD). The classification of PCB Classified according to the number of circuit layers: divided into single -panel, double panel and multi -layer board. Common multi -layer boards are generally 4 or 6 layers, and complex multi -layer boards can reach more than ten layers. The PCB board has the following three main types of division: 1. SINGLE-SIDED BOARDS is on the most basic PCB, parts are concentrated in it, and the wires are concentrated on the other side. Because the wire only appears on one side, this PCB is called Single-Sided. Because there are many strict restrictions on the design lines on the design line (because there is only one side, the path that must not be crossing the wiring between the wiring), only the early circuit uses this type of board. 2. Double-size boards have wiring on both sides of the circuit board, but to use the wires on both sides, there must be an appropriate circuit connection on both sides. The "bridge" between this circuit is called a guide hole (VIA). The guide hole is a small hole full or coated with metal on PCB, which can be connected to the wires on both sides. Because the area of the double panel is twice as big as a single -panel, and because the wiring can be intertwined (can be around the other side), it is more suitable for more complicated circuits than single -to -be -panel. 3. Multi-layer boards In order to increase the area that can be wiring, multi-layer boards use more orders or double-sided wiring boards. Use one double -sided as the inner layer, two -sided single -sided as the outer layer or the two -sided double -sided inner layer, two -sided single -sided outer printing line board, alternate the positioning system and insulating bonding material, and the electrical shift graphics The interconnected printing circuit boards are made according to design requirements. The number of layers of the board represents several independent wiring layers. Usually the number of layers is even, and contains the two outermost layers. Most of the motherboards are 4 to 8 layers, but technical theory can achieve nearly 100 layers of PCB boards. Most of the large supercomputers use a considerable multi -layer motherboard, but because these computers can already replace the cluster of many ordinary computers, and the super -layer board has gradually been gradually not used. Because the layers in PCB are closely combined, it is generally not easy to see the actual number, but if you carefully observe the motherboard, you can still see it. The classification according to hard and hard: divided into ordinary circuit boards and flexible circuit boards. PCB raw materials: Copper foil layer pressure plate is a substrate material for making printed circuit boards. It is used to support various components and can achieve electrical connection or electrical insulation between them. PCB is the print circuit board (PCB board). Simply put, it is a thin plate with integrated circuits and other electronic components. This it will appear in almost every electronic device. Inned Time Magazine recently reported that China and India belong to countries with the worst pollution in the world. In order to protect the environment, the Chinese government has strictly formulated and implemented relevant pollution rectification regulations, and spread to the PCB industry. Many towns are no longer allowed to expand and build new PCB plants, such as Shenzhen. Dongguan has specifically designated four towns as the "pollution industry" production base, and it is forbidden to build new factories outside the designated area. If in a certain device, they have electronic parts, they are inlaid on PCB of different sizes. In addition to fixed various small parts, the main function of PCB is to provide the mutual electrical connection of various parts above. As the electronic devices are becoming more and more complicated, there are naturally more and more parts required, and the lines and parts on the PCB are becoming more and more dense. Naked plates (no parts on it) are often called "printing line boards Printed Wiring Board (PWB)". The substrate of the board itself is made of insulation and insulation, and it is not easy to bend the material. The small line materials that can be seen on the surface are copper foil. The original copper foil was covered on the entire board, and part of the part was carved during the manufacturing process. Essence These circuits are called Conctor Pattern or wiring, and are used to provide circuit connections on PCB parts. usually the colors of PCB are green or brown, which is the color of Solder Mask. It is the protective layer of the insulation that can protect the copper line, and it can also prevent parts from being welded to incorrect places. Silk Screen is also printed on the welded layer. Usually, text and symbols are printed on it (mostly white) to indicate the position of each part on the board. In order to fix the parts on the PCB, we welded their pounds directly on the wiring. On the most basic PCB (one -piece), parts are concentrated on one side, and the wires are concentrated on the other. In this way, we need to be holes on the board so that we can pass through the board to the other side, so the pin of the part is welded on the other side. Because of this, the front and back of the PCB are called component side and Solder Side. If there are certain parts on the PCB, you can also remove or install it after the production is completed, then the part is used to use the socket. Because the socket is directly welded on the board, the parts can be disassembled arbitrarily. If the two PCBs are connected to each other, we usually use the edge connector commonly known as "golden finger". The golden fingers contain many exposed copper pads, which are actually part of the PCB wiring. When connecting, we insert one of the golden fingers on one of the PCB into the appropriate slot on the other PCB (generally called the expansion slot slot). In the computer, such as graphics cards, sound cards, or other similar interface cards, are connected to the host board by gold fingers. This circuit board puts the complex circuit copper line between the parts and the parts. After a delicate and neat plan, it etched on a board and provides the main support body of electronic parts when installing and interconnected. It is all electronics. The basic part of the product is indispensable. The flat plates made of non -conductive materials are designed on this tablet with pre -drilling holes to install chips and other electronic components. The holes of the component help allow the metal path printed on the board to connect the metal path on the plate. After passing through the PCB of the electronic component, the electrical metal strip is adhered to the PCB with conductive metal stripes to form a circuit. ME PCB according to its application field can be divided into single -panel, double panel, more than four layers above the four -layer board and soft board. Generally speaking, the more complicated the function of the electronic product, the longer the circuit distance, the more the number of contact feet, and the more the number of layers of PCB required, such as high -level consumer electronics, information and communication products, etc Among the crooked products: such as laptop computers, cameras, car instruments, etc. , PCB industry chain classified by the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, it can be divided into raw materials-copper-covered board-printing circuit board-electronics Product application, its relationship is simply expressed as: Lip fiber cloth: glass fiber cloth is one of the raw materials for copper -covered plates, which is made of glass fiber gauze textile, accounting for about 40%(thick plate) and 25 of the cost of copper -covered plates. %(sheet). The glass fiber yarn was burned into liquid in the kiln and the raw materials such as silicon sand. It was pulled into a very fine glass fiber with a very fine alloy nozzle, and then twisted hundreds of glass fiber into a glass fiber gauze. The construction of the kiln is huge, generally requires hundreds of millions of funds, and once ignition, it must be produced uninterrupted for 24 hours, and the exit cost is huge. The manufacturing of the glass fiber cloth is similar to the weaving enterprise. It can control the production capacity and quality by controlling the speed, and the specifications are relatively single and stable. There have been few changes in specifications since World War II. Unlike CCL, the price of glass fiber cloth is most affected by supply and demand. The price in recent years fluctuates between $ 0.50-1.00/meter. At present, the production capacity of Taiwan and Mainland China accounts for about 70%of the world's. Copper foil: Copper foil is the raw material with the largest proportion of copper -covered plate costs, accounting for about 30%(thick plate) and 50%(thin plate) of the cost of copper -covering. Main driving force. The price of copper foil is closely reflected in the price change of copper, but the bargaining ability is weak. Recently, as the price of copper rises, the situation of copper foil manufacturers is difficult. Many companies have been forced to close or merge. Price rise is still in a general loss of copper foil manufacturers. Due to the emergence of the price gap, another wave of price increases in the first quarter of 2006 may drive CCL prices to rise. The copper -covering plate: Copper -covered plate is a product that combines glass fiber cloth and copper foil with epoxy resin and other fusion agents. It is a direct raw material for PCB. Made into a printing circuit board. The amount of funds in the copper-covered board industry is not high, about 30-40 million yuan, and can be discontinued or transferred at any time. In the structure of the upstream and downstream industrial chain, CCL has the strongest bargaining ability. Not only can it have a strong right to speak in the procurement of glass fiber cloth, copper foil and other raw materials, but as long as the downstream demand is acceptable, it can pass the pressure of rising costs. Downstream PCB manufacturers. In the third quarter of this year, the copper-covered plate began to raise prices, and the price increase was about 5-8%. The main driving force was to reflect the increase in copper foil prices, and the strong downstream demand could digest the price increase of the price increase of CCL manufacturers. South Asia, the world's second largest copper -covered board manufacturer, also increased product prices on December 15, showing that the PCB demand in at least the first quarter of 2006 was good. . The development of the international PCB industry At present, the global PCB industry output value accounts for more than a quarter of the total output value of the electronic component industry. $ 40 billion. At the same time, due to its unique position in the electronic basic industry, it has become the most active industry in the contemporary electronic component industry. In 2003 and 2004, the global PCB output value was US $ 34.4 billion and $ 40.1 billion, respectively, with a year -on -year growth rate of 5.27%, respectively And 16.47%. . The development status of the domestic PCB industry This development of PCB in my country began in 1956, 1963-1978, and gradually expanded the formation of the PCB industry. For more than 20 years after the reform and opening up, due to the introduction of advanced foreign technology and equipment, single -panels, double panels and multi -layer boards have developed rapidly, and the domestic PCB industry has developed from small to large. In 2002, China's PCB output value exceeded Taiwan, becoming the third largest PCB output country. In 2003, PCB output values and imports and exports exceeded US $ 6 billion, becoming the world's second largest PCB output country. my country's PCB industry has maintained a high -speed growth of about 20%in recent years, and is expected to surpass Japan around 2010, becoming the country with the largest PCB output value and the most active technology development. In output composition, the main products of the PCB industry in China have shifted from single -toas and double panels to multi -layer boards, and they are increasing from 4 to 6 layers to 6 to 8 layers. With the rapid growth of multi -layer boards, HDI boards, and flexible boards, my country's PCB industry structure is gradually optimizing and improved. , although my country's PCB industry has made great progress, there is still a large gap compared with advanced countries, and there is still much room for improvement and improvement in the future. First of all, my country has entered the PCB industry late, and there is no special PCB R
We usually say that PCB refers to the circuit board without the component of the element. Under normal circumstances, on the insulation material, the conductive graphic shape made of printing lines, printed elements or two combinations is called printed circuit.
The conductive graphics of electrical connections between components are provided on the insulation substrate, which is called the printed line. The finished board of the printed circuit or printing circuit is called a printing circuit board, also known as the printed board or printing circuit board.
1. Introduction to PCB ()
PCB board is abbreviated. The Chinese name is printed circuit board, also known as print circuit board, printing circuit board. Provider of device electrical connection. Because it is made of electronic printing, it is called a "print" circuit board. The history of
PCB
The inventor of the printed circuit board was Austrian Paul Esler (). He used a printing circuit board in a radio device in 1936. In 1943, Americans used the technology in a military radio. In 1948, the United States officially recognized this invention for commercial purposes. Since the mid -1950s, the printing circuit version technology has been widely used.
Prior to the emergence of the printed circuit board, the interconnection between electronic components rely on the wires to be directly connected. Now, the circuit panel exists only as an effective experimental tool; the printing circuit board has occupied an absolute rule in the electronics industry.
PCB design printing circuit board design is based on the circuit principle diagram, realizing the function required by circuit designers. The design of the printing circuit board mainly refers to the design of the layout. It is necessary to consider the layout of the external connection, the optimization layout of internal electronic components, the optimization layout of the metal connection and the pores, the electromagnetic protection, thermal dissipation, and other factors. Excellent layout design can save production costs and achieve good circuit performance and heat dissipation performance. Simple layout design can be implemented by hand. The complex layout design needs to be achieved with the help of computer auxiliary design (CAD).
PCB Classification
Classified according to the number of circuit layers: divided into single -panel, double panel and multi -layer board. Common multi -layer boards are generally 4 or 6 layers, and complex multi -layer boards can reach more than ten layers.
PCB board has the following three main types of division:
1, SINGLE-SIDED BOARDS is on the most basic PCB, parts are concentrated in it, and the wires are concentrated on the other side. Because the wire only appears on one side, this PCB is called Single-Sided. Because there are many strict restrictions on the design lines on the design line (because there is only one side, the path that must not be crossing the wiring between the wiring), only the early circuit uses this type of board.
2, double-size boards have wiring on both sides of the circuit board, but to use the wires on both sides, there must be an appropriate circuit connection on both sides. The "bridge" between this circuit is called a guide hole (VIA). The guide hole is a small hole full or coated with metal on PCB, which can be connected to the wires on both sides. Because the area of the double panel is twice as big as a single -panel, and because the wiring can be intertwined (can be around the other side), it is more suitable for more complicated circuits than single -to -be -panel.
3, Multi-Layer Boards In order to increase the area that can be wiring, multi-layer boards use more or double-sided wiring boards. Use one double -sided as the inner layer, two -sided single -sided as the outer layer or the two -sided double -sided inner layer, two -sided single -sided outer printing line board, alternate the positioning system and insulating bonding material, and the electrical shift graphics The interconnected printing circuit boards are made according to design requirements. The number of layers of the board represents several independent wiring layers. Usually the number of layers is even, and contains the two outermost layers. Most of the motherboards are 4 to 8 layers, but technical theory can achieve nearly 100 layers of PCB boards. Most of the large supercomputers use a considerable multi -layer motherboard, but because these computers can already replace the cluster of many ordinary computers, and the super -layer board has gradually been gradually not used. Because the layers in PCB are closely combined, it is generally not easy to see the actual number, but if you carefully observe the motherboard, you can still see it.
The classification according to hard and hard: divided into ordinary circuit boards and flexible circuit boards.
PCB raw materials: Copper foil layer pressure plate is a substrate material for making printed circuit boards. It is used to support various components and can achieve electrical connection or electrical insulation between them.
PCB is the print circuit board (PCB board). Simply put, it is a thin plate with integrated circuits and other electronic components.
This it will appear in almost every electronic device.
Inned Time Magazine recently reported that China and India belong to countries with the worst pollution in the world. In order to protect the environment, the Chinese government has strictly formulated and implemented relevant pollution rectification regulations, and spread to the PCB industry. Many towns are no longer allowed to expand and build new PCB plants, such as Shenzhen. Dongguan has specifically designated four towns as the "pollution industry" production base, and it is forbidden to build new factories outside the designated area.
If in a certain device, they have electronic parts, they are inlaid on PCB of different sizes. In addition to fixed various small parts, the main function of PCB is to provide the mutual electrical connection of various parts above.
As the electronic devices are becoming more and more complicated, there are naturally more and more parts required, and the lines and parts on the PCB are becoming more and more dense. Naked plates (no parts on it) are often called "printing line boards Printed Wiring Board (PWB)". The substrate of the board itself is made of insulation and insulation, and it is not easy to bend the material. The small line materials that can be seen on the surface are copper foil. The original copper foil was covered on the entire board, and part of the part was carved during the manufacturing process. Essence These circuits are called Conctor Pattern or wiring, and are used to provide circuit connections on PCB parts.
usually the colors of PCB are green or brown, which is the color of Solder Mask. It is the protective layer of the insulation that can protect the copper line, and it can also prevent parts from being welded to incorrect places. Silk Screen is also printed on the welded layer. Usually, text and symbols are printed on it (mostly white) to indicate the position of each part on the board.
In order to fix the parts on the PCB, we welded their pounds directly on the wiring. On the most basic PCB (one -piece), parts are concentrated on one side, and the wires are concentrated on the other. In this way, we need to be holes on the board so that we can pass through the board to the other side, so the pin of the part is welded on the other side. Because of this, the front and back of the PCB are called component side and Solder Side.
If there are certain parts on the PCB, you can also remove or install it after the production is completed, then the part is used to use the socket. Because the socket is directly welded on the board, the parts can be disassembled arbitrarily.
If the two PCBs are connected to each other, we usually use the edge connector commonly known as "golden finger". The golden fingers contain many exposed copper pads, which are actually part of the PCB wiring. When connecting, we insert one of the golden fingers on one of the PCB into the appropriate slot on the other PCB (generally called the expansion slot slot). In the computer, such as graphics cards, sound cards, or other similar interface cards, are connected to the host board by gold fingers.
This circuit board puts the complex circuit copper line between the parts and the parts. After a delicate and neat plan, it etched on a board and provides the main support body of electronic parts when installing and interconnected. It is all electronics. The basic part of the product is indispensable.
The flat plates made of non -conductive materials are designed on this tablet with pre -drilling holes to install chips and other electronic components. The holes of the component help allow the metal path printed on the board to connect the metal path on the plate. After passing through the PCB of the electronic component, the electrical metal strip is adhered to the PCB with conductive metal stripes to form a circuit.
ME PCB according to its application field can be divided into single -panel, double panel, more than four layers above the four -layer board and soft board. Generally speaking, the more complicated the function of the electronic product, the longer the circuit distance, the more the number of contact feet, and the more the number of layers of PCB required, such as high -level consumer electronics, information and communication products, etc Among the crooked products: such as laptop computers, cameras, car instruments, etc.
, PCB industry chain
classified by the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, it can be divided into raw materials-copper-covered board-printing circuit board-electronics Product application, its relationship is simply expressed as:
Lip fiber cloth: glass fiber cloth is one of the raw materials for copper -covered plates, which is made of glass fiber gauze textile, accounting for about 40%(thick plate) and 25 of the cost of copper -covered plates. %(sheet). The glass fiber yarn was burned into liquid in the kiln and the raw materials such as silicon sand. It was pulled into a very fine glass fiber with a very fine alloy nozzle, and then twisted hundreds of glass fiber into a glass fiber gauze. The construction of the kiln is huge, generally requires hundreds of millions of funds, and once ignition, it must be produced uninterrupted for 24 hours, and the exit cost is huge. The manufacturing of the glass fiber cloth is similar to the weaving enterprise. It can control the production capacity and quality by controlling the speed, and the specifications are relatively single and stable. There have been few changes in specifications since World War II. Unlike CCL, the price of glass fiber cloth is most affected by supply and demand. The price in recent years fluctuates between $ 0.50-1.00/meter. At present, the production capacity of Taiwan and Mainland China accounts for about 70%of the world's.
Copper foil: Copper foil is the raw material with the largest proportion of copper -covered plate costs, accounting for about 30%(thick plate) and 50%(thin plate) of the cost of copper -covering. Main driving force. The price of copper foil is closely reflected in the price change of copper, but the bargaining ability is weak. Recently, as the price of copper rises, the situation of copper foil manufacturers is difficult. Many companies have been forced to close or merge. Price rise is still in a general loss of copper foil manufacturers. Due to the emergence of the price gap, another wave of price increases in the first quarter of 2006 may drive CCL prices to rise.
The copper -covering plate: Copper -covered plate is a product that combines glass fiber cloth and copper foil with epoxy resin and other fusion agents. It is a direct raw material for PCB. Made into a printing circuit board. The amount of funds in the copper-covered board industry is not high, about 30-40 million yuan, and can be discontinued or transferred at any time. In the structure of the upstream and downstream industrial chain, CCL has the strongest bargaining ability. Not only can it have a strong right to speak in the procurement of glass fiber cloth, copper foil and other raw materials, but as long as the downstream demand is acceptable, it can pass the pressure of rising costs. Downstream PCB manufacturers. In the third quarter of this year, the copper-covered plate began to raise prices, and the price increase was about 5-8%. The main driving force was to reflect the increase in copper foil prices, and the strong downstream demand could digest the price increase of the price increase of CCL manufacturers. South Asia, the world's second largest copper -covered board manufacturer, also increased product prices on December 15, showing that the PCB demand in at least the first quarter of 2006 was good.
. The development of the international PCB industry
At present, the global PCB industry output value accounts for more than a quarter of the total output value of the electronic component industry. $ 40 billion. At the same time, due to its unique position in the electronic basic industry, it has become the most active industry in the contemporary electronic component industry. In 2003 and 2004, the global PCB output value was US $ 34.4 billion and $ 40.1 billion, respectively, with a year -on -year growth rate of 5.27%, respectively And 16.47%.
. The development status of the domestic PCB industry
This development of PCB in my country began in 1956, 1963-1978, and gradually expanded the formation of the PCB industry. For more than 20 years after the reform and opening up, due to the introduction of advanced foreign technology and equipment, single -panels, double panels and multi -layer boards have developed rapidly, and the domestic PCB industry has developed from small to large. In 2002, China's PCB output value exceeded Taiwan, becoming the third largest PCB output country. In 2003, PCB output values and imports and exports exceeded US $ 6 billion, becoming the world's second largest PCB output country. my country's PCB industry has maintained a high -speed growth of about 20%in recent years, and is expected to surpass Japan around 2010, becoming the country with the largest PCB output value and the most active technology development.
In output composition, the main products of the PCB industry in China have shifted from single -toas and double panels to multi -layer boards, and they are increasing from 4 to 6 layers to 6 to 8 layers. With the rapid growth of multi -layer boards, HDI boards, and flexible boards, my country's PCB industry structure is gradually optimizing and improved.
, although my country's PCB industry has made great progress, there is still a large gap compared with advanced countries, and there is still much room for improvement and improvement in the future. First of all, my country has entered the PCB industry late, and there is no special PCB R
1. Introduction to PCB ()
The abbreviation of PCB board. The Chinese name is a printed circuit board, also known as the print circuit board, printing circuit board. Provider of component electrical connection. Because it is made of electronic printing, it is called a "print" circuit board.
's history of PCB
The inventor of the printed circuit board is the Austrian Paul Esler (). He used the printing circuit board in a radio device in 1936. In 1943, Americans used the technology in a military radio. In 1948, the United States officially recognized this invention for commercial purposes. Since the mid -1950s, the printing circuit version technology has been widely used.
Prior to the emergence of the printed circuit board, the interconnection between electronic components rely on the wires to be directly connected. Now, the circuit panel exists only as an effective experimental tool; the printing circuit board has occupied an absolute rule in the electronics industry.
PCB design
The design of the printing circuit board is based on the circuit schematic diagram, realizing the functions required by the circuit designer. The design of the printing circuit board mainly refers to the design of the layout. It is necessary to consider the layout of the external connection, the optimization layout of internal electronic components, the optimization layout of the metal connection and the pores, the electromagnetic protection, thermal dissipation, and other factors. Excellent layout design can save production costs and achieve good circuit performance and heat dissipation performance. Simple layout design can be implemented by hand. The complex layout design needs to be achieved with the help of computer auxiliary design (CAD).
The classification of PCB
Classified according to the number of circuit layers: divided into single -panel, double panel and multi -layer board. Common multi -layer boards are generally 4 or 6 layers, and complex multi -layer boards can reach more than ten layers.
The PCB board has the following three main types of division:
1. SINGLE-SIDED BOARDS is on the most basic PCB, parts are concentrated in it, and the wires are concentrated on the other side. Because the wire only appears on one side, this PCB is called Single-Sided. Because there are many strict restrictions on the design lines on the design line (because there is only one side, the path that must not be crossing the wiring between the wiring), only the early circuit uses this type of board.
2. Double-size boards have wiring on both sides of the circuit board, but to use the wires on both sides, there must be an appropriate circuit connection on both sides. The "bridge" between this circuit is called a guide hole (VIA). The guide hole is a small hole full or coated with metal on PCB, which can be connected to the wires on both sides. Because the area of the double panel is twice as big as a single -panel, and because the wiring can be intertwined (can be around the other side), it is more suitable for more complicated circuits than single -to -be -panel.
3. Multi-layer boards In order to increase the area that can be wiring, multi-layer boards use more orders or double-sided wiring boards. Use one double -sided as the inner layer, two -sided single -sided as the outer layer or the two -sided double -sided inner layer, two -sided single -sided outer printing line board, alternate the positioning system and insulating bonding material, and the electrical shift graphics The interconnected printing circuit boards are made according to design requirements. The number of layers of the board represents several independent wiring layers. Usually the number of layers is even, and contains the two outermost layers. Most of the motherboards are 4 to 8 layers, but technical theory can achieve nearly 100 layers of PCB boards. Most of the large supercomputers use a considerable multi -layer motherboard, but because these computers can already replace the cluster of many ordinary computers, and the super -layer board has gradually been gradually not used. Because the layers in PCB are closely combined, it is generally not easy to see the actual number, but if you carefully observe the motherboard, you can still see it.
The classification according to hard and hard: divided into ordinary circuit boards and flexible circuit boards.
PCB raw materials: Copper foil layer pressure plate is a substrate material for making printed circuit boards. It is used to support various components and can achieve electrical connection or electrical insulation between them.
PCB is the print circuit board (PCB board). Simply put, it is a thin plate with integrated circuits and other electronic components.
This it will appear in almost every electronic device.
Inned Time Magazine recently reported that China and India belong to countries with the worst pollution in the world. In order to protect the environment, the Chinese government has strictly formulated and implemented relevant pollution rectification regulations, and spread to the PCB industry. Many towns are no longer allowed to expand and build new PCB plants, such as Shenzhen. Dongguan has specifically designated four towns as the "pollution industry" production base, and it is forbidden to build new factories outside the designated area.
If in a certain device, they have electronic parts, they are inlaid on PCB of different sizes. In addition to fixed various small parts, the main function of PCB is to provide the mutual electrical connection of various parts above.
As the electronic devices are becoming more and more complicated, there are naturally more and more parts required, and the lines and parts on the PCB are becoming more and more dense. Naked plates (no parts on it) are often called "printing line boards Printed Wiring Board (PWB)". The substrate of the board itself is made of insulation and insulation, and it is not easy to bend the material. The small line materials that can be seen on the surface are copper foil. The original copper foil was covered on the entire board, and part of the part was carved during the manufacturing process. Essence These circuits are called Conctor Pattern or wiring, and are used to provide circuit connections on PCB parts.
usually the colors of PCB are green or brown, which is the color of Solder Mask. It is the protective layer of the insulation that can protect the copper line, and it can also prevent parts from being welded to incorrect places. Silk Screen is also printed on the welded layer. Usually, text and symbols are printed on it (mostly white) to indicate the position of each part on the board.
In order to fix the parts on the PCB, we welded their pounds directly on the wiring. On the most basic PCB (one -piece), parts are concentrated on one side, and the wires are concentrated on the other. In this way, we need to be holes on the board so that we can pass through the board to the other side, so the pin of the part is welded on the other side. Because of this, the front and back of the PCB are called component side and Solder Side.
If there are certain parts on the PCB, you can also remove or install it after the production is completed, then the part is used to use the socket. Because the socket is directly welded on the board, the parts can be disassembled arbitrarily.
If the two PCBs are connected to each other, we usually use the edge connector commonly known as "golden finger". The golden fingers contain many exposed copper pads, which are actually part of the PCB wiring. When connecting, we insert one of the golden fingers on one of the PCB into the appropriate slot on the other PCB (generally called the expansion slot slot). In the computer, such as graphics cards, sound cards, or other similar interface cards, are connected to the host board by gold fingers.
This circuit board puts the complex circuit copper line between the parts and the parts. After a delicate and neat plan, it etched on a board and provides the main support body of electronic parts when installing and interconnected. It is all electronics. The basic part of the product is indispensable.
The flat plates made of non -conductive materials are designed on this tablet with pre -drilling holes to install chips and other electronic components. The holes of the component help allow the metal path printed on the board to connect the metal path on the plate. After passing through the PCB of the electronic component, the electrical metal strip is adhered to the PCB with conductive metal stripes to form a circuit.
ME PCB according to its application field can be divided into single -panel, double panel, more than four layers above the four -layer board and soft board. Generally speaking, the more complicated the function of the electronic product, the longer the circuit distance, the more the number of contact feet, and the more the number of layers of PCB required, such as high -level consumer electronics, information and communication products, etc Among the crooked products: such as laptop computers, cameras, car instruments, etc.
, PCB industry chain
classified by the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, it can be divided into raw materials-copper-covered board-printing circuit board-electronics Product application, its relationship is simply expressed as:
Lip fiber cloth: glass fiber cloth is one of the raw materials for copper -covered plates, which is made of glass fiber gauze textile, accounting for about 40%(thick plate) and 25 of the cost of copper -covered plates. %(sheet). The glass fiber yarn was burned into liquid in the kiln and the raw materials such as silicon sand. It was pulled into a very fine glass fiber with a very fine alloy nozzle, and then twisted hundreds of glass fiber into a glass fiber gauze. The construction of the kiln is huge, generally requires hundreds of millions of funds, and once ignition, it must be produced uninterrupted for 24 hours, and the exit cost is huge. The manufacturing of the glass fiber cloth is similar to the weaving enterprise. It can control the production capacity and quality by controlling the speed, and the specifications are relatively single and stable. There have been few changes in specifications since World War II. Unlike CCL, the price of glass fiber cloth is most affected by supply and demand. The price in recent years fluctuates between $ 0.50-1.00/meter. At present, the production capacity of Taiwan and Mainland China accounts for about 70%of the world's.
Copper foil: Copper foil is the raw material with the largest proportion of copper -covered plate costs, accounting for about 30%(thick plate) and 50%(thin plate) of the cost of copper -covering. Main driving force. The price of copper foil is closely reflected in the price change of copper, but the bargaining ability is weak. Recently, as the price of copper rises, the situation of copper foil manufacturers is difficult. Many companies have been forced to close or merge. Price rise is still in a general loss of copper foil manufacturers. Due to the emergence of the price gap, another wave of price increases in the first quarter of 2006 may drive CCL prices to rise.
The copper -covering plate: Copper -covered plate is a product that combines glass fiber cloth and copper foil with epoxy resin and other fusion agents. It is a direct raw material for PCB. Made into a printing circuit board. The amount of funds in the copper-covered board industry is not high, about 30-40 million yuan, and can be discontinued or transferred at any time. In the structure of the upstream and downstream industrial chain, CCL has the strongest bargaining ability. Not only can it have a strong right to speak in the procurement of glass fiber cloth, copper foil and other raw materials, but as long as the downstream demand is acceptable, it can pass the pressure of rising costs. Downstream PCB manufacturers. In the third quarter of this year, the copper-covered plate began to raise prices, and the price increase was about 5-8%. The main driving force was to reflect the increase in copper foil prices, and the strong downstream demand could digest the price increase of the price increase of CCL manufacturers. South Asia, the world's second largest copper -covered board manufacturer, also increased product prices on December 15, showing that the PCB demand in at least the first quarter of 2006 was good.
. The development of the international PCB industry
At present, the global PCB industry output value accounts for more than a quarter of the total output value of the electronic component industry. $ 40 billion. At the same time, due to its unique position in the electronic basic industry, it has become the most active industry in the contemporary electronic component industry. In 2003 and 2004, the global PCB output value was US $ 34.4 billion and $ 40.1 billion, respectively, with a year -on -year growth rate of 5.27%, respectively And 16.47%.
. The development status of the domestic PCB industry
This development of PCB in my country began in 1956, 1963-1978, and gradually expanded the formation of the PCB industry. For more than 20 years after the reform and opening up, due to the introduction of advanced foreign technology and equipment, single -panels, double panels and multi -layer boards have developed rapidly, and the domestic PCB industry has developed from small to large. In 2002, China's PCB output value exceeded Taiwan, becoming the third largest PCB output country. In 2003, PCB output values and imports and exports exceeded US $ 6 billion, becoming the world's second largest PCB output country. my country's PCB industry has maintained a high -speed growth of about 20%in recent years, and is expected to surpass Japan around 2010, becoming the country with the largest PCB output value and the most active technology development.
In output composition, the main products of the PCB industry in China have shifted from single -toas and double panels to multi -layer boards, and they are increasing from 4 to 6 layers to 6 to 8 layers. With the rapid growth of multi -layer boards, HDI boards, and flexible boards, my country's PCB industry structure is gradually optimizing and improved.
, although my country's PCB industry has made great progress, there is still a large gap compared with advanced countries, and there is still much room for improvement and improvement in the future. First of all, my country has entered the PCB industry late, and there is no special PCB R